American Yellow Birch Wood

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American Yellow Birch Wood
Categories:	Wood and Natural Products; Wood; Hardwood
Material Notes:	Diffuse-Porous Hardwood. Least easy to work with hand tools. Very good steam bending, fair shaping. Data is based on small, clear, air-dried samples unless specified. Property values marked by an asterisk (*) have been taken from an unusually old reference source.
Key Words:	Betula alleghaniensis; Lumber, Timber
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Physical Properties	Original Value	Comments

Density	0.550 g/cc	Oven Dry Weight/Unseasoned Volume
	57.0 lb/ft³	Unseasoned*
Cell Length	1.50 mm	Mature Wood

Mechanical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Hardness, Wood Indentation	3300 N	Side. Force required to imbed a 0.444 inch steel ball to one-half its diameter
	3600 N	End. Force required to imbed a 0.444 inch steel ball to one-half its diameter
	5600 N	Side
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	6.30 MPa	Perpendicular to Grain
	480 psi	Perpendicular to Grain*
Modulus of Rupture	0.115 GPa	In Bending
	8.60 ksi	Static Bending*
Flexural Yield Strength	69.6 MPa	Bending stress at proportional limit
	4600 psi	Fiber Stress at Elastic Limit; Static Bending*
Flexural Modulus	13.8 - 13.9 GPa	In Bending
	1540 ksi	Static Bending*
Compressive Strength	6.70 MPa	Perpendicular to Grain
	56.0 - 56.3 MPa	Parallel to Grain
	450 psi	Perpendicular to Grain*
	2760 psi	Parallel to Grain*
	3460 psi	Max Crushing Strength Parallel to Grain*
Poissons Ratio	0.024	µ_TL, 12% Moisture Content
	0.043	µ_RL, 12% Moisture Content
	0.426	µ_TR, 12% Moisture Content
	0.426	µ_LR, 12% Moisture Content
	0.451	µ_LT, 12% Moisture Content
	0.697	µ_RT, 12% Moisture Content
Shear Strength	13.0 MPa	Orientation Unknown
	1110 psi	Parallel to Grain*
Impact	4.5	in-lb/in³; Work to Elastic Limit; Unseasoned Sample; Impact Bending*
	11700	psi; Fiber Stress at Elastic Limit; Unseasoned Sample; Impact Bending*
Work to Elastic Limit	0.800 in-lb/in³	Static Bending*
Work to Maximum Load	16.6 in-lb/in³	Static Bending*
Toughness	56.5 J	Radial
	70.1 J	Tangential
Cleavage	50.0 kN/m	Tangential surface of failure, Unseasoned*
	51.0 kN/m	Radial surface of failure, Unseasoned*

Thermal Properties	Original Value	Comments
Specific Heat Capacity	0.390 J/g-°C
Thermal Conductivity	0.173 W/m-K
	1.00 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F	Oven Dry
	1.20 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F	12% Moisture Content
Shrinkage	7.2 %	Radial; Green to Zero Moisture
	9.2 %	Tangential; Green to Zero Moisture
	16.7 %	Volumetric; Green to Zero Moisture

References for this datasheet.

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