Beryllium, Be
Categories: Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Beryllium Alloy; Pure Element

Material Notes: Beryllium is one of the lightest metals and has a high strength-to-weight ratio, stiffness-to-weight ratio, and very high specific heat, thermal conductivity, and heat of fusion. It has significant ductility, is readily machined and can be rolled, drawn, or extruded. It finds applications in nuclear reactors (neutron moderator and reflector), X-ray sources/detectors (X-ray transparency), IR target acquisition systems, inertial guidance instruments, computer parts, other aircraft and satellite structures, and heat sink constraining cores.

Information provided by Materion Corporation (formerly Brush Wellman) and the references.

Please note that there are health hazards associated with beryllium, especially when present as airborne particles generated during processing. As with any material, be aware of hazards and take steps to reduce exposure to a safe level.

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Physical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Density 1.844 g/cc0.06662 lb/in³
 
Chemical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Atomic Mass 9.0121829.0121821995
Atomic Number 44
Thermal Neutron Cross Section 0.0090 barns/atom0.0090 barns/atom
X-ray Absorption Edge 110.68 Å110.68 ÅK
Electrode Potential -1.70 V-1.70 V
Electronegativity 1.571.57Pauling
Ionic Radius 0.350 Å0.350 ÅCrystal Ionic Radius for Valence +2
 0.440 Å0.440 ÅCrystal Ionic Radius for Valence +1
 
Mechanical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Hardness, Rockwell B 75 - 8575 - 85
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 370 MPa53700 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield 240 MPa34800 psi
Elongation at Break 3.0 %3.0 %
Modulus of Elasticity 303 GPa43900 ksi
Compressive Yield Strength 270 MPa39200 psiYield at 0.2% offset (10% higher than tensile yield strength).
Poissons Ratio 0.070 - 0.180.070 - 0.18values between 0.07 and 0.18 have been reported for beryllium
Fatigue Strength  160 MPa
@# of Cycles 1.00e+7
23200 psi
@# of Cycles 1.00e+7
Kt=3.07 and R = 0.1
 240 MPa
@# of Cycles 1.00e+7
34800 psi
@# of Cycles 1.00e+7
smooth
 240 MPa
@# of Cycles 10000
34800 psi
@# of Cycles 10000
Kt=3.07 and R = 0.1
Fracture Toughness 10.6 - 12.3 MPa-m½9.65 - 11.2 ksi-in½KIC for hot-pressed structural grades
Shear Modulus 135 GPa19600 ksi
Shear Strength 345 MPa50000 psihot-pressed block
 480 MPa69600 psicross-rolled sheet
Charpy Impact 1.50 - 5.50 J1.11 - 4.06 ft-lbNotch status unknown
 
Electrical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Electrical Resistivity 0.00000430 ohm-cm0.00000430 ohm-cm
Magnetic Susceptibility -1.00e-6-1.00e-6cgs/g
Critical Superconducting Temperature 0.0260 K0.0260 K
 
Thermal PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Heat of Fusion 1133 J/g487.4 BTU/lbBe has an unusually high heat of fusion.
Heat of Vaporization 24770 J/g10660 BTU/lb
CTE, linear  11.5 µm/m-°C
@Temperature 25.0 °C
6.39 µin/in-°F
@Temperature 77.0 °F
increases rapidly until 100°C
 14.5 µm/m-°C
@Temperature 25.0 - 300 °C
8.06 µin/in-°F
@Temperature 77.0 - 572 °F
 16.5 µm/m-°C
@Temperature 25.0 - 600 °C
9.17 µin/in-°F
@Temperature 77.0 - 1110 °F
 18.4 µm/m-°C
@Temperature 25.0 - 1000 °C
10.2 µin/in-°F
@Temperature 77.0 - 1830 °F
Specific Heat Capacity 1.925 J/g-°C0.4601 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity 216 W/m-K1500 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
Melting Point 1273 - 1283 °C2323 - 2341 °F
Boiling Point 2471 °C4480 °F
 
Optical PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Emissivity (0-1) 0.610.61650 nm
Reflection Coefficient, Visible (0-1) 0.500.5050% visible; 55% UV; 98% IR (10.6 µm)
 
Component Elements PropertiesMetricEnglishComments
Beryllium, Be 100 %100 %
 
Descriptive Properties
CAS Number7440-41-7

References for this datasheet.

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