American Western Hemlock Wood

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American Western Hemlock Wood
Categories:	Wood and Natural Products; Wood; Softwood
Material Notes:	Obtainable in large sizes Softwood. Relatively easy to work with hand tools. Data is based on small, clear, air-dried samples unless specified. Usual surface texture: Fine Dimensional changes when dried lumber is subjected to variations in humidity during service: Small Resistance to fungal decay (Heartwood in ground contact): Non-durable (5 to 10 years) Resistance to penetration by preservatives: Resistant Common Applications: Construction, joinery Property values marked by an asterisk (*) have been taken from an unusually old reference source.
Key Words:	Tsuga heterophylla; Lumber, Timber
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Physical Properties	Original Value	Comments

Density	0.380 g/cc	Oven Dry Weight/Unseasoned Volume
	0.305 - 0.508 g/cc	at nominal specific gravity. Coast Mountains-region (Canada) origin
	0.358 - 0.577 g/cc	at oven-dry state. Coast Mountains-region (Canada) origin
	0.371 - 0.605 g/cc	at 12.0% m.c. Coast Mountains-region (Canada) origin
	41.0 lb/ft³	Unseasoned*
Moisture Absorption at Equilibrium	2.5 - 3.5 %	Between 40% RH and 90% RH. Coast Mountains-region (Canada) origin

Mechanical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Hardness, Wood Indentation	1900 N	Side. Force required to imbed a 0.444 inch steel ball to one-half its diameter
	2400 N	End. Force required to imbed a 0.444 inch steel ball to one-half its diameter
	2400 N	Side
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	2.10 MPa	Perpendicular to Grain
	260 psi	Perpendicular to Grain*
Modulus of Rupture	0.0700 GPa	In Bending
	6.10 ksi	Static Bending*
Flexural Yield Strength	46.9 MPa	Bending stress at proportional limit
	3400 psi	Fiber Stress at Elastic Limit; Static Bending*
Flexural Modulus	10.28 GPa	In Bending
	1190 ksi	Static Bending*
Compressive Strength	4.70 MPa	Perpendicular to Grain
	42.7 - 43.0 MPa	Parallel to Grain
	350 psi	Perpendicular to Grain*
	2290 psi	Parallel to Grain*
	2890 psi	Max Crushing Strength Parallel to Grain*
Poissons Ratio	0.382	µ_TR, 12% Moisture Content. Coast Mountains-region (Canada) origin
	0.423	µ_LT, 12% Moisture Content. Coast Mountains-region (Canada) origin
	0.442	µ_RT, 12% Moisture Content. Coast Mountains-region (Canada) origin
	0.485	µ_LR, 12% Moisture Content. Coast Mountains-region (Canada) origin
Machinability	100 %	Good Relative to Other Wood
Shear Strength	8.10 MPa	Orientation Unknown
	810 psi	Parallel to Grain*
Impact	2.4	in-lb/in³; Work to Elastic Limit; Unseasoned Sample; Impact Bending*
	7800	psi; Fiber Stress at Elastic Limit; Unseasoned Sample; Impact Bending*
Work to Elastic Limit	0.580 in-lb/in³	Static Bending*
Work to Maximum Load	6.00 in-lb/in³	Static Bending*
Toughness	15.8 J	Radial
	23.8 J	Tangential

Thermal Properties	Original Value	Comments
Thermal Conductivity	0.770 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F	Oven Dry
	0.940 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F	12% Moisture Content
Shrinkage	4.3 %	Radial; Green to Zero Moisture
	7.9 %	Tangential; Green to Zero Moisture
	11.9 %	Volumetric; Green to Zero Moisture

Descriptive Properties
Color	Pale Brown	Usual for heartwood

References for this datasheet.

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