Steels, General Properties

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Steels, General Properties
Categories:	Metal
Material Notes:	Steel compositions vary widely. Steels in general have a lower carbon content than cast irons, and lower amounts of impurities like phosphorus and sulfur. The composition chart above represents typical ranges for basic steel constituents. Other alloying elements such as Boron, Chromium, Cobalt, Columbium (Niobium), Copper, Molybdenum, Nickel, Nitrogen, Selenium, Tantalum, Titanium, Tungsten, and Vanadium are added to improve corrosion, high temperature, and mechanical properties of steel. The properties listed below reflect typical properties for Steels. In general, properties such as density, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity do not vary greatly with composition or heat treatment, whereas properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and hardness are highly dependent on composition and heat treatment.
Key Words:	carbon steels, alloy steels
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Physical Properties	Original Value	Comments

Density	7.80 - 8.00 g/cc	Density usually ranges from 7.8 - 7.9 g/cc for carbon and low alloy steels. Stainless steels typically have densities around 8 g/cc.

Mechanical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Hardness, Brinell	121	Varies widely with composition and heat treatment.
Hardness, Knoop	140	Varies widely with composition and heat treatment.
Hardness, Vickers	126	Varies widely with composition and heat treatment.
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	420 MPa	This is the value for AISI 1020, a mild steel. Values can range from 295 - 2400 MPa, depending on composition and heat treatment.
Tensile Strength, Yield	350 MPa	AISI 1020 Steel. Yield strength varies as Ultimate Tensile Strength values, from 200 - 2100 MPa.
Elongation at Break	15 %	AISI 1020. Generally as hardness and tensile strength goes up, elongation goes down.
Modulus of Elasticity	200 GPa
Bulk Modulus	140 GPa
Poissons Ratio	0.25	Calculated
Machinability	65 %	for 1020 steel. Varies from 0 - 100, Based on 100% machinability for AISI 1212 steel.
Shear Modulus	80.0 GPa

Electrical Properties	Original Value	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000170 ohm-cm

Thermal Properties	Original Value	Comments
CTE, linear	9.50 - 12.6 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 °C	steels generally range between 9.5-12.6 µm/m°C
	11.7 µm/m-°C @Temperature 0.000 - 250 °C	average
	12.8 µm/m-°C @Temperature 0.000 - 500 °C	average
	13.9 µm/m-°C @Temperature 0.000 - 1000 °C	average
Specific Heat Capacity	0.470 J/g-°C
Thermal Conductivity	44.0 - 52.0 W/m-K

Component Elements Properties	Original Value	Comments
Carbon, C	0.030 - 1.25 %
Iron, Fe	80 - 98 %
Manganese, Mn	0.20 - 16 %
Phosphorus, P	<= 0.050 %
Silicon, Si	0.00 - 0.50 %
Sulfur, S	<= 0.050 %

Some of the values displayed above may have been converted from their original units and/or rounded in order to display the information in a consistent format. Users requiring more precise data for scientific or engineering calculations can click on the property value to see the original value as well as raw conversions to equivalent units. We advise that you only use the original value or one of its raw conversions in your calculations to minimize rounding error. We also ask that you refer to MatWeb's terms of use regarding this information. Click here to go back to viewing the property data in MatWeb's normal format.

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MS0001 / 13909

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