Tin, Sn

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Tin, Sn
Categories:	Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Tin Alloy; Other Engineering Material; Semiconductor; Pure Element
Material Notes:	White (Beta) tin, stable above 13.2°C, is the common metallic form of the element. Alpha-tin is a semiconductor. Characteristics: Susceptible to creep deformation at room temperature, Highly susceptible to corrosion in strong acidic and strong alkaline environments Typical Applications: Tinplate foil, collapsible tubes, block tin products, pewter, alloying, coatings, powder applications (sintered bronze and iron parts).
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Physical Properties	Metric	English	Comments

Density	5.765 g/cc	0.2083 lb/in³	Alpha-Tin
	6.45 g/cc	0.233 lb/in³	Gamma
	7.29 g/cc	0.263 lb/in³	Value is for the beta crystal structure, stable between 18-161 C.
Viscosity	0.87 cP @Temperature 800 °C	0.87 cP @Temperature 1470 °F	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	0.95 cP @Temperature 700 °C	0.95 cP @Temperature 1290 °F	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.05 cP @Temperature 600 °C	1.05 cP @Temperature 1110 °F	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.18 cP @Temperature 500 °C	1.18 cP @Temperature 932 °F	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.38 cP @Temperature 400 °C	1.38 cP @Temperature 752 °F	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.66 cP @Temperature 300 °C	1.66 cP @Temperature 572 °F	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	1.88 cP @Temperature 250 °C	1.88 cP @Temperature 482 °F	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	2.71 cP @Temperature 232 °C	2.71 cP @Temperature 450 °F	Dynamic liquid viscosity
	42300 cP @Temperature 260 °C	42300 cP @Temperature 500 °F
a Lattice Constant	6.4912 Å	6.4912 Å	Alpha-Tin
Vapor Pressure	0.00000160 bar @Temperature 927 °C	0.00120 torr @Temperature 1700 °F
	0.0000110 bar @Temperature 1027 °C	0.00825 torr @Temperature 1881 °F
	0.0000590 bar @Temperature 1127 °C	0.0443 torr @Temperature 2061 °F
	0.000230 bar @Temperature 1227 °C	0.173 torr @Temperature 2241 °F
	0.000890 bar @Temperature 1327 °C	0.668 torr @Temperature 2421 °F
	0.00746 bar @Temperature 1527 °C	5.60 torr @Temperature 2781 °F
	0.0408 bar @Temperature 1727 °C	30.6 torr @Temperature 3141 °F
	0.0841 bar @Temperature 1827 °C	63.1 torr @Temperature 3321 °F
	0.290 bar @Temperature 2027 °C	218 torr @Temperature 3681 °F
	0.513 bar @Temperature 2127 °C	385 torr @Temperature 3861 °F
	0.851 bar @Temperature 2227 °C	638 torr @Temperature 4041 °F
	0.990 bar @Temperature 727 °C	743 torr @Temperature 1340 °F
Surface Tension	548 dynes/cm @Temperature 260 °C	548 dynes/cm @Temperature 500 °F

Chemical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Atomic Mass	118.710	118.710	1995
Atomic Number	50	50
Thermal Neutron Cross Section	0.65 barns/atom	0.65 barns/atom
X-ray Absorption Edge	0.42468 Å	0.42468 Å	K
	2.78875 Å	2.78875 Å	L_I
	2.99492 Å	2.99492 Å	L_II
	3.16952 Å	3.16952 Å	L_III
Electrode Potential	-0.140 V	-0.140 V
Electronegativity	1.96	1.96	Pauling
Ionic Radius	0.710 Å	0.710 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence +4
	0.930 Å	0.930 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence +2
	2.94 Å	2.94 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence -4
	3.70 Å	3.70 Å	Crystal Ionic Radius for Valence -1

Mechanical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Hardness, Brinell	2.3 @Temperature 100 °C	2.3 @Temperature 212 °F
	3.0 @Temperature 60.0 °C	3.0 @Temperature 140 °F
	3.9 @Temperature 20.0 °C	3.9 @Temperature 68.0 °F
Tensile Strength, Ultimate	220 MPa	31900 psi
Tensile Strength, Yield	4.50 MPa @Temperature 200 °C	653 psi @Temperature 392 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	7.60 MPa @Temperature 150 °C	1100 psi @Temperature 302 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	11.0 MPa @Temperature 100 °C	1600 psi @Temperature 212 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	11.0 MPa @Temperature 23.0 °C	1600 psi @Temperature 73.4 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	12.4 MPa @Temperature 50.0 °C	1800 psi @Temperature 122 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	12.5 MPa @Temperature 0.000 °C	1810 psi @Temperature 32.0 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	14.5 MPa @Temperature 15.0 °C	2100 psi @Temperature 59.0 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	20.1 MPa @Temperature -40.0 °C	2920 psi @Temperature -40.0 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	36.2 MPa @Temperature -200 °C	5250 psi @Temperature -328 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	38.9 MPa @Temperature -80.0 °C	5640 psi @Temperature -112 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	87.6 MPa @Temperature -120 °C	12700 psi @Temperature -184 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
	90.3 MPa @Temperature -160 °C	13100 psi @Temperature -256 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min
Elongation at Yield	6.0 % @Temperature -200 °C	6.0 % @Temperature -328 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 6%
	15 % @Temperature -160 °C	15 % @Temperature -256 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 10%
	45 % @Temperature 200 °C	45 % @Temperature 392 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	55 % @Temperature 100 °C	55 % @Temperature 212 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	55 % @Temperature 150 °C	55 % @Temperature 302 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	57 % @Temperature 23.0 °C	57 % @Temperature 73.4 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 100%
	60 % @Temperature -120 °C	60 % @Temperature -184 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 97%
	64 % @Temperature 0.000 °C	64 % @Temperature 32.0 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 100%
	75 % @Temperature 15.0 °C	75 % @Temperature 59.0 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	85 % @Temperature 50.0 °C	85 % @Temperature 122 °F	Strained at 0.4 mm/m*min
	86 % @Temperature -40.0 °C	86 % @Temperature -40.0 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 100%
	89 % @Temperature -80.0 °C	89 % @Temperature -112 °F	Strained at 0.2 mm/m*min; Reduction in area: 100%
Modulus of Elasticity	41.6 GPa	6030 ksi	Cast (coarse grain)
	44.3 GPa	6430 ksi	Self-annealed (fine grain)
Poissons Ratio	0.33	0.33
Shear Modulus	15.6 GPa	2260 ksi	Calculated

Electrical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Electrical Resistivity	0.0000115 ohm-cm	0.0000115 ohm-cm
	0.0000110 ohm-cm @Temperature 0.000 °C	0.0000110 ohm-cm @Temperature 32.0 °F
	0.0000155 ohm-cm @Temperature 100 °C	0.0000155 ohm-cm @Temperature 212 °F
	0.0000200 ohm-cm @Temperature 200 °C	0.0000200 ohm-cm @Temperature 392 °F
	0.0000220 ohm-cm @Temperature 231 °C	0.0000220 ohm-cm @Temperature 448 °F
	0.0000450 ohm-cm @Temperature 232 °C	0.0000450 ohm-cm @Temperature 450 °F	liquid
	0.0000468 ohm-cm @Temperature 300 °C	0.0000468 ohm-cm @Temperature 572 °F	liquid
	0.0000490 ohm-cm @Temperature 400 °C	0.0000490 ohm-cm @Temperature 752 °F	liquid
	0.0000515 ohm-cm @Temperature 500 °C	0.0000515 ohm-cm @Temperature 932 °F	liquid
	0.0000540 ohm-cm @Temperature 600 °C	0.0000540 ohm-cm @Temperature 1110 °F	liquid
	0.0000563 ohm-cm @Temperature 700 °C	0.0000563 ohm-cm @Temperature 1290 °F	liquid
	0.0000587 ohm-cm @Temperature 800 °C	0.0000587 ohm-cm @Temperature 1470 °F	liquid
	0.0000612 ohm-cm @Temperature 900 °C	0.0000612 ohm-cm @Temperature 1650 °F	liquid
Magnetic Susceptibility	-2.50e-7	-2.50e-7	cgs/g
Critical Magnetic Field Strength, Oersted	305	305
Critical Superconducting Temperature	4.85 - 5.20 K @Pressure 12500 - 16000 MPa	4.85 - 5.20 K @Pressure 1.81e+6 - 2.32e+6 psi	Sn II
	5.30 K @Pressure 11300 MPa	5.30 K @Pressure 1.64e+6 psi	Sn III
Dielectric Constant	24	24	Alpha-Tin
Band Gap	0.080 eV	0.080 eV	Alpha-Tin
Electron Mobility, cm²/V-s	2500	2500	Alpha-Tin
Hole Mobility, cm²/V-s	2400	2400	Alpha-Tin

Thermal Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Heat of Fusion	59.5 J/g	25.6 BTU/lb
Heat of Vaporization	2399 J/g	1032 BTU/lb
CTE, linear	5.40 µm/m-°C @Temperature -50.0 °C	3.00 µin/in-°F @Temperature -58.0 °F	Alpha-Tin
	23.8 µm/m-°C @Temperature 20.0 - 100 °C	13.2 µin/in-°F @Temperature 68.0 - 212 °F
	30.0 µm/m-°C @Temperature 200 °C	16.7 µin/in-°F @Temperature 392 °F
	40.4 µm/m-°C @Temperature 200 °C	22.4 µin/in-°F @Temperature 392 °F
CTE, linear, Transverse to Flow	19.9 µm/m-°C @Temperature 200 °C	11.1 µin/in-°F @Temperature 392 °F
Specific Heat Capacity	0.213 J/g-°C	0.0509 BTU/lb-°F	Alpha-Tin
	0.256 J/g-°C	0.0612 BTU/lb-°F	Beta-Tin
Thermal Conductivity	63.2 W/m-K	439 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F
	32.6 W/m-K @Temperature 232 - 332 °C	226 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 450 - 630 °F	liquid
	56.5 W/m-K @Temperature 200 °C	392 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 392 °F	beta phase
	60.7 W/m-K @Temperature 100 °C	421 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 212 °F	beta phase
	62.8 W/m-K @Temperature 0.000 °C	436 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature 32.0 °F	beta phase
	80.8 W/m-K @Temperature -170 °C	561 BTU-in/hr-ft²-°F @Temperature -274 °F	beta phase
Melting Point	231.968 °C	449.543 °F
Boiling Point	2602 °C	4716 °F
Heat of Formation	-2.10 kJ/mol	-2.10 kJ/mol	Grey (Alpha) Tin
	0.000 kJ/mol	0.000 kJ/mol	White (Beta)-Tin
Debye Temperature	-43.0 °C	-45.4 °F	Alpha-Tin

Optical Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Refractive Index	2.75 @Wavelength 589.3 nm	2.75 @Wavelength 589.3 nm	Alpha-Tin
Emissivity (0-1)	0.040 @Temperature 50.0 °C	0.040 @Temperature 122 °F
Reflection Coefficient, Visible (0-1)	0.80	0.80	Bulk Solid

Component Elements Properties	Metric	English	Comments
Tin, Sn	100 %	100 %

Descriptive Properties
CAS Number	7440-31-5
Crystal Structure	Cubic		Alpha-Tin; Diamond Structure - Space Group Fd3m

References for this datasheet.

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