Because of their high temperature, chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties along with their relatively low cost and ease of manufacture, alumina ceramics are the workhorse of engineered ceramics. They are compounded from pure alumina, silica and trace elements to achieve specific properties. Alumina is cast or pressed into sheets, tubes, rods and shapes. For custom engineer ceramics, alumina is often iso-pressed in to large shapes, and while in a chalk like form, can be easily "green machined" to near net shape. After high temperature firing, the parts are then finished machined using diamond tools. Surfaces of alumina can be lapped and polished. The final alumina ceramic can also be metallized, plated and brazed to metal components to form completed parts that are vacuum tight.

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